Tuesday, July 29, 2008

The food crisis: is the world exceeding its carrying capacity?



“The current food crisis is the result of an imbalance between food and people”, gambits a comment to the Lancet Editorial (April 26, 2008) 1, “you neglect to discuss the people component. This is because we human beings, with the exception of the Chinese, place a tight taboo (the Hardinian taboo2) on controlling our population numbers. We apply the concept of “carrying capacity” to animals, but never to ourselves because we have grown accustomed to the fact that, if we do exceed the ability of our local ecosystem to feed us, we can usually rely on getting food from elsewhere. But what if that ecosystem is the whole world? Is it possible for the world to exceed its carrying capacity?3 Since the causes of the current food crisis seem unlikely to disappear, it probably is.
If there is not enough food, what about fewer mouths? The long-term solution to the current food crisis requires the lifting of the Hardinian taboo, followed by an urgent reduction in global population growth, and if possible in the total population, while hoping that nature does not do it for us first with a calamity such as a pandemic of avian influenza.4 …”.
References
1The Lancet. Finding long-term solutions to the world food crisisLancet 2008; 371: 1389.
2Hardin G. Living within limitsNew YorkOxford University Press, 1993:.
3Cohen JE. How many people can the earth support?New YorkWW Norton, 1995:.
4Gambotto A, Barratt-Boyes SM, de Jong MD, Neumann G, Kawaok Y. Human infection with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virusLancet 2008; 371: 1464-1475.

 

So what is the relevance of the comment to Pinoy society? Something that surfaced from the Church opposition to the Reproductive Health Care Act, House Bill 812. President Arroyo maintains her “pro-life” stand is aligned with that of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines. And this country is in the midst of a food crisis even if our President would not acknowledge it.
Flashback to my comments over a decade ago.

 

SOBER QUESTIONS
A freshly erupted Eraption (witticisms emanating from the proclivity of President “Erap” Estrada to offer one-liner opinions), which usually signals the onset of contentious debate, was about his posture on abortion.  He said he opposed it.
This declaration rejuvenates the dormant issue of abortion with sonics raised to a higher decibel level.  It will be boosted by the adrenalin induced by the death penalty furor.  The death sentence will take center stage once again but this time the principal actor will be the unborn, in an entirely silent and passive mode, so to speak, and the mother in a supporting but vital role.
The abortion issue will split both the erudite and the unlearned into two contending camps: the pro-lifers who oppose abortion absolutely and the pro-choicers who support women’s rights and the mother’s right to decide.
Will the battle be in the field of morality, of right and wrong, sinner or saint?  Or will it spill, as it probably will, into the legislative tussles and court litigation?
What are the legal reference points other than the constitutional provision that the state “shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception”?
The terse phrase “from conception” has a parallel in U.S. legislation.  Five years before the 1987 Philippine constitution was promulgated, two U.S. legislators, one of them Representative Henry Hyde (yes, the chief inquisitor in the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton) introduced legislation that “for purposes of enforcing the obligation of the states… not to deprive persons of life without due process of law, human life shall be deemed to exist from conception”.  By law, the fertilized egg, called the zygote, begins its human existence even if ironically it has no brain, nor brain activity, the consensual vital sign whose absence indicates human death.
Our own Congressman Jaraula, who says he opposes abortion, reveals that a bill on abortion is about to be filed in Congress by a certain Rep. Padilla.  How will such a bill fare?  The signs indicate stormy weather and very rough sailing.
The opponents are formidable.  Aside from “Tinex” Jaraula, the most visible are the uncompromising Pope, the Catholic Church, and a hostile Senate.  Most daunting of all would be the expected presidential vote.
What relevance does U.S. history and jurisprudence have on our impending melee about this issue?  We can learn valuable lessons for avoiding the violence and bloodshed the Americans experienced and still suffer.
For instance, are our solons capable of shedding politics and using only calm reason in elaborating their stance?  Will the medical community protect and honor the Hippocratic oath and shun U.S. doctors’ record of coercion in the passage of laws criminalizing abortion to stop incursion of midwives, homeopaths, and faith healers into their profession?  Will the scientific community, having played God in their cloning and cell research, and thus be in the best position to define the biological event of when human life starts to exist, take a neutral position and suggest that science has no contribution to make to the contentious issue of when human life begins?


Resolution in 2008?
Media coverage of the issues:
In a statement, Albay Rep. Edcel Lagman, one of the author-proponents of the reproductive bill, said his group  “does not intend to gatecrash” the July 25 prayer rally on the Filipino family, as they don’t want to be a party to “this vaudeville of misinformation.”
 “It is, however, disheartening that those who claim to be purveyors of truth are, in fact, peddling misinformation,” which is contained in the “Manifesto of Filipino Families.”
a manifesto which the Catholic Church espouses, “will only mire the faithful in ignorance and shackle our women to a life of unremitting pregnancies because it contains deliberate falsehoods.”
“An inordinately huge population growth rate of 2.04 percent imperils family life as a ballooning population impacts adversely on health, education, food security, employment, shelter and the environment – the very essentials of sustainable family life,” he said.
Lagman said that among the “misrepresentations” in the manifesto is the claim that Congress is railroading the family planning bills. This is false, since these bills have been pending in Congress for the past four Congresses, a time period spanning over a decade which belies railroading.
Another is that the laws on reproductive health and family planning eventually lead to the legalization of abortion. This is completely untrue because, on the contrary, a rational and comprehensive national policy on family planning, which includes contraceptive use, reduces significantly the rate of abortion as documented by international studies. Consequently, there is no need to legalize abortion if there is an increased usage of modern and effective contraceptives.
But the battle lines are drawn as these events reported by media indicate:



Even if it means she could lose her job for going against President Arroyo’s stand, Social Welfare Secretary Esperanza Cabral yesterday maintained her support for the proposed reproductive health bill, which she said would help solve the country’s population problem.
Church official: We stand by CBCP on RH bill
A Church official, reacting to Ozamiz Archbishop Jesus Dosado who earlier declared that supporters of the bill under his diocese will be refused communion,  said an advocate of the controversial reproductive health bill pending in Congress may accept the Holy Communion or not on his own volition.
In a Pastoral Letter read in Catholic churches throughout Misamis Occidental, Archbishop Dosado said the debate created by his "no-communion" order was able to "expose the alien anti-life culture which some of them (in government) try to impose upon our unsuspecting people."
Letters to the Editor/No abortion involved in many birth regulation methods
07/28/2008 Nobody is taking away the right of Catholic priests to express their opposition to population management. By the same token, they should not deny others, particularly non-Catholics, the right to choose the method of regulating birth in their families. Making available the different methods of birth regulation is not the same as forcing them on the population… this approach respects the right of men and women to decide for themselves the method they think would work best for them.
Condoms a no-no even for couples with HIV, says CBCP exec



Philippine Daily Inquirer   07/18/2008
MANILA, Philippines—For the Catholic Church, condoms—even for married couples afflicted with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)—are still a big no-no.
An official of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) said on Wednesday there was still no clear directive from the Vatican that married couples infected with HIV and those with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) could use condoms.
Bullying bishops 
The debate about reproductive health has shifted to high gear. Last week, some well-known conservative clerics appear to have threatened to excommunicate progressive politicians who expressed support for abortion (the proposed reproductive health bill to be filed in the House of Representatives when it opens next week). The threat seems to be working - at least on some of the slimier, unprincipled politicians for which this country has become famous




Exercise self-discipline in bed, archbishop tells couples


Philippine Daily Inquirer   07/26/2008
-- Amid the raging debate on artificial methods of birth control, Manila Archbishop Gaudencio Cardinal Rosales’s advice to all married couples is to exercise more “self-discipline” and “self-control” in bed.
In his message to the Catholic flock at Friday’s prayer rally marking the 40th anniversary of Pope Paul VI’s Encyclical on the Regulation of Birth or Humanae Vitae, Rosales said the lack of discipline in the marital bed rebounds on other aspects of life.

Because life should be valued and its creation is a serious matter, “there should be discipline and self-control” between couples, the prelate said in Filipino.
Couples who have the discipline to practice the Church-sanctioned natural family planning methods are “in possession of true values of life” and tend to pass it on to their children. They also tend to be good citizens, he said.
The missing voices of poor women
Philippine Daily Inquirer   07/18/2008
In the increasingly shrill debate over reproductive health, the voices of poor Filipino women, those most affected by the problem, remain eerily missing. Why this silence?












A study done in 2000 by a Filipino and international research team found that thousands of Filipino women are in effect “practicing family planning” through induced abortion. Shrouded in secrecy, it is their method of preventing the birth of another child.
NGO community organizers report that women friends in Metro Manila’s informal settlements have related intensely disturbing accounts of abortion as the poor woman’s answer to population control. Barely able to feed, clothe and educate four or five young children, and worried about the older ones already living on the streets, a woman who learns that she is pregnant with her fourth or fifth child is likely to abort it. Effective family planning solutions not having been available to her, she sees no other solution.
Running out of arguments
Editorial: Tribune 07/23/2008
If stupidity marked the presidential spokesmen’s arguments in defense of Gloria Arroyo’s record-breaking drop in public satisfaction rating, so does stupidity mark the Catholic bishops’ argument against the reproductive health bill, which they call the anti-life measure. Talk about misleading “Catholic” statements!
Pampanga Archbishop Paciano Aniceto argued that it was unfair that Catholic taxpayers’ money is being used to fund contraceptives, saying this is the reason churchmen are concerned since they want to make sure that this money from the taxpaying Catholics will not be used against Catholic families.
Now that is really stupid and “unbiblical,” considering that even Jesus Christ did say, “Render unto Caesar what is Caesar’s and to God what is God’s,” which could be translated today as the pronouncement on the separation principle between church and state.
But biblical sayings aside, tax payments, whether from Catholics, Protestants, atheists, agnostics and even cultists, have nothing to do with one’s religion or non-religion. These belong to the realm of the state, into which the Catholic church, or any church for that matter, has no business interfering.



PhilStar    July 29, 2008
Quezon City Mayor Feliciano Belmonte Jr. cited yesterday the need for the enactment of a national reproductive health law to address the fast growing population of the country.
He said that although the family planning program of the government has been devolved to local government units, a national family planning policy is still needed to guide the people.
The mayor said the national policy may be patterned after the newly approved policy ordinance, which will establish the Quezon City Population and Reproductive Health Management Policy, to address the fast growing population in the city, and to speed up delivery of basic services to the people.
“The stand of the city government is that the final choice on how big their family will be is for couples, the government just provides guidance and provides the necessary support,” Belmonte told reporters during a press briefing.
The mayor said the new ordinance would effectively address the growing population of the city, which ballooned from 1.1 million in 1980 to 2 million this year…
PhilStar.com   July 29, 2008
The “tough choices” made by the administration will help the country survive and emerge stronger from the global food and fuel crunch, President Arroyo said yesterday.
In her 58-minute State of the Nation Address, Mrs. Arroyo also stressed that there is no easy cure for the country’s economic ailment, which she said is global in nature…



PhilStar    July 29, 2008
While most female lawmakers wore Filipiniana dresses at the eighth State of the Nation Address of President Arroyo yesterday, a mayor of a fifth-class municipality in Quirino province stole the show, wearing a tribal attire that left little to the imagination.
A television report showed Nagtipunan Mayor Rosario Camma in tribal clothing as he arrived at the House of Representatives.
In her speech, Mrs. Arroyo cited Camma, a former chieftain of Bugkalot, for helping 15,000 members of the Bugkalot tribe develop irrigation, plant vegetables and corn and achieve food sufficiency following the distribution of 100,000 Certificates of Ancestral Domain Title (CIDT) for Bugkalots in Quirino, Aurora and Nueva Vizcaya.
Camma apparently proved to all and sundry – senators, congressmen, diplomatic corps, Supreme Court justices and Cabinet members - that it was not cold in the session hall after all, as he just wore his blue G-string during the entire duration of the event.
Not only did the G-string outdo the fashion of the ladies, it was done in style. (Fashion is described as “me too”; style is “only me”.) Moreover, it demonstrated energy conservation the native way – no need for air conditioning.
 

The SONA grudgingly admits a real food crisis exists. And the tempest rages on, swirling around the basic issue: “The current food crisis is the result of an imbalance between food and people.”?



UPDATE



BOOK: Fatal MisConception: the Struggle to Control World By Matthew Connelly accused the developed worl of conspiring to control populations developing countries
In the critical book review, Men gone wild? The politics of population control

by Duff Gillespie formerly head, United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) population programme, which is roundly criticized by book author Connelly, Gillespie lashed back:
Connelly considers his book the first “global history of population control”, which, at various times and places, encompasses eugenics, infanticide, pronatalist schemes, restrictive immigration policies, genocide, and family planning. His archival research exhaustively spans the late 1800s through to the mid-1980s, after which his research becomes a bit thin. He includes a numbing number of cameo appearances by the famous, the infamous, and the unknown. Although an occasional nugget of interest can be found in the first part of the book, most readers will find Connelly's attention to minutiae a powerful narcotic.
In his emotively titled chapters “Controlling Nations” and “A System Without a Brain”, Connelly describes how past quixotic attempts to control the world's population coalesced into a “population movement” by the early 1970s. Led by larger-than-life personalities, such as General William Draper and Robert McNamara, then head of the World Bank, the movement spent “lavish” amounts of money on the movement's chosen instrument of population control: family planning. Although the US led this movement, other western countries joined in the “population control” effort. The movement was driven by the notion that there were too many people in the South (meaning the developing nations), and that further rapid population growth not only hindered economic and social development in the South, but also posed a potential threat to the tranquility and wealth of the North( developed world). Political leaders in some of the countries in the South shared many of the North's concerns about rapid population growth: in China, leaders instituted the one-child family programme, and in India, Sanjay Gandhi was the mastermind behind the coercive sterilization programme. Read more…




by Duff Gillespie formerly head, United States Agency for International Development's (USAID) population programme, which is roundly criticized by book author Connelly, Gillespie lashed back:
Connelly considers his book the first “global history of population control”, which, at various times and places, encompasses eugenics, infanticide, pronatalist schemes, restrictive immigration policies, genocide, and family planning. His archival research exhaustively spans the late 1800s through to the mid-1980s, after which his research becomes a bit thin. He includes a numbing number of cameo appearances by the famous, the infamous, and the unknown. Although an occasional nugget of interest can be found in the first part of the book, most readers will find Connelly's attention to minutiae a powerful narcotic.
In his emotively titled chapters “Controlling Nations” and “A System Without a Brain”, Connelly describes how past quixotic attempts to control the world's population coalesced into a “population movement” by the early 1970s. Led by larger-than-life personalities, such as General William Draper and Robert McNamara, then head of the World Bank, the movement spent “lavish” amounts of money on the movement's chosen instrument of population control: family planning. Although the US led this movement, other western countries joined in the “population control” effort. The movement was driven by the notion that there were too many people in the South (meaning the developing nations), and that further rapid population growth not only hindered economic and social development in the South, but also posed a potential threat to the tranquility and wealth of the North( developed world). Political leaders in some of the countries in the South shared many of the North's concerns about rapid population growth: in China, leaders instituted the one-child family programme, and in India, Sanjay Gandhi was the mastermind behind the coercive sterilization programme. Read more…

Thursday, July 17, 2008

Food for the Future





That our agriculture cannot produce enough rice to feed our population is a grim fact. Unless we intend to use starvation as the primary policy to control population growth, Filipinos must act aggressively to reform its agriculture. Food, the fundamental determinant of health, is life.


The administration’s responses to the recent food crisis have consisted mostly of palliatives that offer temporary relief, like the massive emergency importation of rice, a heavy price subsidy to make rice affordable to the poor, and cash doles to lucky families.


The Arroyo administration has talked about pouring P30 billion into a new program to accelerate rice production, but it has not put forward anything as bold and concrete as the food production project proposed by San Miguel Corp. and the Kuok Group. The government has identified three million hectares of idle lands that can be planted to various crops, particularly rice, corn, sugarcane, coconut and vegetables. SMC, together with the Malaysian food giant Kuok Group, wants to develop one-third of that, or one million hectares. They plan to invest as much as $1,000 per hectare for their project called “Feeding our Future.” Under this proposal the government will keep ownership of the land, while SMC and the Kuok Group will provide financial and technical expertise in developing the lands and then buy all of the produce. Since these are public lands, there will be no problem this time with the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law like SMC had in Sumilao town in Bukidnon, but the government must make sure that the farmers who will till the land get a fair return on their labors.


So far so good. Now the spoiler – the food is for animals and the rice for beer, and profitability, not exigency, dictates the pace of the project
San Miguel and the Kuok Group will split a 30-percent equity infusion in the project and the remaining 70 percent would be raised through long-term debt issues. “Our priority is always rice, corn, sugar, coconut and maybe later on other crops like palm,” SMC President Ang told reporters, adding San Miguel would convert most of the produce into animal feed.
Rice will be used for beer fermentation, Ang said.
The joint venture will issue debt locally and offshore, depending on market conditions, to fund certain phases of the project, Ang said. “We can go to the market and issue 25-year bonds,” he said.
Ang said the Philippine would benefit from the expertise of the Kuok Group, which owns Wilmar International, the world’s largest publicly listed palm oil trader.